In the 1930s, the Soviet Union, including Kazakhstan, was swept by Stalin's terror, during which many intellectuals and prominent figures were executed, including Sanzhar Asfendiyarov, one of the founders of Kazakh science and education. Despite his loyalty to Bolshevism, Asfendiyarov was accused of espionage and nationalism, subjected to brutal torture, and executed. His work had a profound impact on the development of education, medicine, and science in Kazakhstan, but his name was silenced for decades. The story of Asfendiyarov is a tragic example of how ideological contradictions and repressions destroyed the lives of remarkable individuals, whose achievements went unrecognized during their lifetime.
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