Giovanni Capannelli, Country Director for Kazakhstan of the Asian Development Bank, sat down with Lyazzat Shatayeva to discuss the economic crisis looming over the country amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Heavily dependent on its oil and gas exports, Kazakhstan has been trying to diversify its economy for years to build resilience against the external shocks of the global oil market. Giovanni Capannelli talked about the deep structural, institutional and governance reforms needed in the country to respond effectively to the current challenges.