Genghis Khan. In the 13th century his name frightened half of the population of Eurasia. How did a handful of Mongols manage to conquer countries that were technically and culturally superior to them? Otyrar, one of the oldest cities in the territory of modern Kazakhstan, was the first to witness the power of the Mongolian army. The capture of Otyrar is one of the highlights in the history of the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia and in the history of Kazakhstan.